Editor’s Note: What do children in the U.S. think of not just the president but also the office of presidency?  And what do their perceptions say about America today?

(AP)(THE CONVERSATION) Ask children about politics, and they’ve got something to say.

The president of the United States, said a fifth-grade girl in 1958, “has the right to stop bad things before they start.”

In 2017, a fourth-grade boy said the president “lies, (is) destroying our country.”

And in 2018, a sixth-grade girl said the president “goes to Florida, plays golf, talks with other political leaders, tries to help our country, insults immigrants and people from other countries.”

Political views begin to form in childhood. Children learn who political leaders are and develop attitudes about both leaders and political institutions.

One consequence of rising levels of negative partisanship (as compared to joining a party because you feel positively toward them, their politics or their leaders) and negative campaigning is that today’s children are exposed to more negative messages about politics and political figures than children in the past.

What do kids today think about the presidency and the president? How does this compare to what children thought in the 1950s?

The Study

We are political scientists who conducted this research because we want to understand what young children think about politics.

We draw our conclusions from surveys and interviews we conducted in schools in fall 2017 and winter 2018. Nearly 500 children ages 6 to 12 across four locations in the United States participated.

The children answered questions about the importance of the office of the president and the president himself. We compare this with data reported in published research on children’s views in the 1950s and early 2000s.

Overall, today’s children continue to view the presidency as an important office and to understand the mechanics of the president’s day-to-day life. At the same time, however, children hold far less favorable views of the president’s personal characteristics than they did in the 1950s.

There was no data on the topics we explore collected between the late 1950s and 2000, so we can’t comment on or compare our findings to the views of children during that period.

The Presidency

Do children respect the office of the president?

Children today, just like children over the past 50 years, have positive views of the presidency. In our sample, 72% of students selected “president” as one of the “four most important people” out of a list of 10 adult roles, such as doctor, schoolteacher and judge.

If we look over time, kids’ attitudes are stable. Eight in 10 fourth graders in 2017-2018, as well as in the 1950s and 2000, saw the president as important.

When we asked the children, “What kinds of things do you think the president does?” children largely provided factual descriptions of the president’s daily activities.

The president “Makes Laws, Does papers, Tells the other people what to do,” one fourth grader told us. Like 1950s children, more than three-quarters of children in our study categorize the president’s activities in these factual ways.

Other children today see the president’s activities as positive: 15% of the kids see the president as caring and helping.

A small portion of our sample (7%) listed something negative when describing the president’s activities, such as the child who wrote that the president “starts a war, all about money, make fun of people.”

In short, most children see the presidency in factual and positive ways.

The President

But when we ask children about the president (not mentioning President Donald Trump’s name, just the office), kids have far more negative views. Again, we asked the same questions as were used in the 1950s, asking children about the president’s honesty, work ethic and knowledge, as well as a general assessment of the president.

Children in our study evaluated the president much more negatively than did children in the 1950s.

Nearly three-quarters of the 1950s children viewed the president as more honest than other people. Today, only 18% view the president as more honest than others.

In contrast, 1% of 1950s children considered the president “less honest than other people”; 49% of today’s children hold this view.

Children’s assessments of the president’s work ethic and knowledge levels also have become less favorable over time. Additionally, the global assessment of the president turned markedly negative: 3% of 1950s children viewed the president as “not a good person” compared to 51% of children in our sample.

Donald Trump

Do today’s children see other political leaders in a negative light, or have we uncovered a Donald Trump-specific effect?

We asked children about the performance of both former President Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton (had she been elected to the presidency).

The children view former President Obama very positively (72% said he did a “very good job”), similar to how children viewed President Dwight Eisenhower in the 1950s.

On the other hand, only 37% reported that Hillary Clinton would have done a “very good job” and 17% reported that Donald Trump is doing a “very good job” as president. In short, our study hints that today’s children view Trump especially, but not uniquely, negatively.  •

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts. Read the original article here: https://theconversation.com/what-do-kids-think-of-the-president-126575.

Counterpoint

‘Influencers’ Matter

As “Study: 500 Children ‘Grade’ The President” suggests, President Trump’s message, which has attracted a persistent and loyal following is not resonating with school children, but there might not be a lot he can do about it in this 24-hour news cycle environment. So much of what children absorb is what exists in their environment. They tend to be indoctrinated into certain views by what their parents believe. Of course, there is always an exception to that rule. Children can rebel against their parents' political and social beliefs and alliances. Think about how Ron Reagan became a progressive activist despite being raised by President Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan, representing the founding family of the conservative White House tradition.

The explosion of social and mainstream media seems to be making the exception to parental influence the rule. In fact, there is evidence to suggest that political influence has reversed itself. As Peter K. Hatemi, co-author with Christopher Ojeda of “The Role of Child Perception and Motivation in Political Socialization” concluded as they studied parent to child influence: “The current study focused mainly on parent to child transmission, but a critical next step is to address the role of child to parent transmission, which is increasingly prevalent in first-generation families. A growing literature is concentrating on child-driven discussion in which child experiences bring new information into the home and allows parents to become more politically aware,” Hatemi told Psypost.org.

One thing is clear: if children are fed a steady diet of one political point of view and reinforce that opinion through peer interaction, no amount of parental influence can change that viewpoint. In fact, the political philosophy of the child might influence change in the view of parents. This is especially true when the child is the first-generation American – whether or not it is an English-speaking or English as a second language household. Anyone who doesn’t think this is happening has only to consider how quickly public opinion has changed on LGBTQ rights and systemic racism.

Every four years, Scholastic conducts a student vote. In the past, the vote mirrored the outcome of the election. The 2016 contest was the exception, however. Students chose Hillary Clinton over Donald Trump 52% to 35%. It is now a question of whether the adults are swaying their kids or whether the kids have taken over and become their parents’ “influencers.”  •